Global Warming Essay Example for Free

Global Warming Essay Within the next fifty years the US may experience shifting and changing length of the seasons, changes in vegetation including habitat and diversity, changes in precipitation intensity and distribution, a rise in sea-level, an increase in storm intensity and an increase in erosion events. Shifting seasons The principle sources for this idea were: Global Warming in the Temperate Zone, Geography Chapter 2, IPCC Fourth Assessment Report: Summary for Policy Makers, Alaska Survey (Us Global Change Research Program) Why? As global warming effects advance, colder seasons become milder and of shorter duration. â€Å"Climate †¦ refers to the annual pattern of atmospheric conditions in a place (Lew 2004). â€Å" Since the seas change temperature more slowly than land, an increase in temperature of the sea would maintain warmer patterns for longer periods of time Impact on Physical Geography â€Å"Throughout the temperate zone, changes are being recorded in where and when plants bloom and thrive. (Global Warming in Temperate Zone 2007)† Another effect is that as the temperature rises, the altitudinal zonation normally present (Lew 2004) becomes attenuated. In some areas, the top zones are disappearing, the temperature variations no longer dip far enough to maintain snow caps, glaciers or other physical attributes wildlife depend upon (. Global Warming in Temperate Zone 2007). Impact on Human Geography Changes in seasonality have not yet had much affect upon the lower United States human geography. Change in seasonality has had profound impact upon populations in Alaska and Canada. â€Å"[The Inuit’s] winter hunting and fishing is limited severely by loss of ice (Global Warming in the Arctic 2007). † Seasonal use of Ice roads, loss of sea-ice and lengthening summers all will have a profound impact on trade and national defense ( Climate Change: â€Å"Alaska† 2000). According to the IPCC report there is little that can be done to immediately reverse this trend as temperatures will continue to increase on inertia of the GHGs already in the atmosphere (Alley 2007) . Changing vegetation and Ecology The principle sources for this idea were: Global Warming in the Temperate Zone, Geography Chapter 2, IPCC Fourth Assessment Report: Summary for Policy Makers, Alaska Survey (Us Global Change Research Program) Why? The changes in seasonality and accompanying changes in temperature constitute changes in climate (Lew 2004). Plant organisms and their distributions are usually sensitive to climate changes. Impact on Physical Geography â€Å"Climate has a direct impact on the biogeographic distribution of the natural vegetation in a region (Lew 2004). † Observed changes in altitudinal zonation are expected to accelerate if temperatures continue to rise rapidly (Global Warming: Temperate Zone 2007). Impact on Human Geography This effect is not likely to have an immediate impact on humans, though there may be some benefit from a longer growing season and perhaps a larger farmable area. Changes in Precipitation The principle sources for this idea were: Geography Chapter 2, IPCC Fourth Assessment Report: Summary for Policy Makers, Regional Overview (Us Global Change Research Program) Why? Warmer air can carry more moisture. As temperature rises it increases the vapor pressure of water and causes increased evaporation. When precipitation occurs it is likely to be more intense, dumping more water in less time than would normally be the case. Impact on Physical Geography â€Å"Precipitation is very likely to continue to increase on average, especially in middle and high latitudes†¦ in the form of heavy downpours. (US Global Change, â€Å"Water overview† 2000). â€Å" Combined with seasonality, this means that some areas will become wetter and stay wetter longer than normal. Impact on Human Geography The resulting conditions may yield increased productivity, pest populations and disease. Introduce competition for water as the distribution and rates of precipitation change (US Global Change, â€Å"Water overview† 2000). Changes will very likely exaggerate conflicts in regions where fresh water is reduced by increasing evaporation and changes in precipitation (US Global Change, â€Å"Water overview† 2000). Sea Level changes The principle sources for this idea were: Geography Chapter 2, IPCC report, and Global Warming in The Artic, Rising Sea Levels Why? Sea level changes are occurring from increasing mean temperatures. The types of sea level rise include volume increases due to thermal expansion, increasing output from rivers due to increased precipitation, and increased outflow from melting glacier and icecap reserves. Impact on Physical Geography Loss of shoreline from movement of sea, submergence of low lying islands loss of wetlands and delta areas due to increased salinity in mixed water environment. Impact on Human Geography Should ice cap melting experience a surge it is possible for a rapid increase in sea-levels of 4-20 feet to occur over a short time. A rise of that size would inundate the cities forcing many to migrate away and shutting down important commercial centers, possibly permanently. Damage could by mitigated by building dikes, tidal dams and changes to building codes requiring use of higher situated building sites, most of these protective measures are not permanent solutions. Storm intensity increases The principle sources for this idea were: Geography Chapter 2, IPCC Fourth Assessment Report: Summary for Policy Makers, Regional Overview (Us Global Change Research Program) Why? This is related to the causes for increased precipitation, the oceans get warmer, which makes more evaporative pressure. Storms, such as hurricanes forming over water will gather more flow more quickly than they would ordinarily. The storms develop higher winds (larger volume of air is ready to enter convection) and increases in precipitation (more warm moist air, carrying more moisture than normal). Impact on Physical Geography Storms such as Hurricanes can have a profound impact on the coastal environment. Physically destroying plants, contributing to landslides, and flooding, stronger storms can change the landscape quickly. Impact on Human Geography The Katrina disaster provided some idea of the impact of super-storms. A city was virtually destroyed. These storms will prompt more frequent short term migrations to avoid them. Direct prevention is not probable, but sensible preparation and pre-planned evacuation can go far to mitigate impact upon populations. Still long term migrations are bound to occur due to stresses on the job market, infrastructure, and availability of resources. Erosion Events The principle sources for this idea were: Global Warming in the Temperate Zone, Geography Chapter 2, IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, Rising Sea Levels Why? Increased precipitation, higher tides, and stronger storm events translate to greater land-erosion events through mudslide, landslide, torrential run-off, and storm-surge. Impact on Physical Geography Combined, these effects will decrease the available coastal area, sweep away or bury some areas. River deltas may expand but existing habitat will be washed away as the river retreats inland with the sea following. Impact on Human Geography Perhaps the most immediate of the effects of global warming, the changes in weather patterns have already forced changes in the Carolinas, and in Galveston, and Brazoria. Stronger currents, higher tides have encroached on property and subsidence has forced many homes to be abandoned. This may become more widespread and more coastal settlements will have to move. Some rebuilding and storm wall can be built, but the problems are long term and may not have permanent solutions beyond migration References: Alley, Richard et al. (2007). IPCC WGI Fourth Assessment Report: Summary for Policy Makers. Retrieved February 2, 2007 from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Website: http://ipcc-wg1. ucar. edu/wg1/docs/WG1AR4_SPM_PlenaryApproved. pdf

Modernization Vs. Dependency Theory Essay -- Political Science

LDC Advisement: Modernization Theory vs Dependency Theory   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The path to modernization is one never clearly defined. The following report will attempt to analyze and critique our nation’s potential options concerning social and fiscal policy and use this information in an attempt to recommend future policy agenda.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We will be dealing with primarily two theories on national (i.e. LDC) policy - modernization theory and dependency theory. Both have their own sets of costs and benefits as well as they do policy approaches. But before we go further, we must compare the two in attempt to see if either would compromise our government’s mandate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Currently our nation has found itself at a crossroads between the progress the western world has to offer and our own historical values and cultural integrity. We have various entities prodding us toward opposite ends of the spectrum. Our foreign investors wish only for further industrialization and perhaps political stability to further their own aims while certain conservative elements at home fear we our losing our cultural identity. A modernist approach would align itself with that of our foreign investors and MNC’s operating within our country. The theory claims that our society suffers from being traditional in so far as that we sacrifice economic and industrial progress by placing too great a focus on our cultural heritage (which largely includes religious ideals). The theory goes on to state that in order to modernize we must make further efforts to secularize our governmental processes and as have many western-industrialized nations separate church and state to as great a deal as possible#. While such an approach may satisfy foreign monetary interests we run a very real risk of a political backlash due to this cultural-imperialism of the west. If this backlash were to lead to internal instability we may not only scare off potential foreign investments but also compromise our own legitimacy to rule. This may effectively place our state in a worse position than with which we began!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The approach of the dependencistas however would allow for much greater cultural preservation though it is an approach not as much favored by the western powers-that-be. Dependency theory supports the notion that the western world wishes to impose its customs/ideals/etc. upon all - regardless of the cult... ...e recommendation entails as follows: The country needs to set both short and long-term goals for itself, each based on a specific theory of development. In the near future we need to ensure internal political stability while adopting a modernization approach to development. Groups that may present opposition to any resulting cultural changes need to be dealt with in some way - preferably a peaceful way, as we make our country more attractive to western investment. As more revenue/educational-opportunity/technological-exposure/etc. becomes available we should begin reinvesting in the infrastructure of our nation via ISI. The increased capital and knowledge we will have gained as the result of cooperation with the west should allow us to be much more competitive in the international marketplace. Specialization in a high-tech field could help us see further autonomy in the international realm.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Education, goal-setting, and political stability will all be of top priority if our development plans wish to have a chance of succeeding. If we can maintain focus in our policy, we should be able to achieve much greater levels of development with only minimal cultural disintegration.

The Relationship between Prestige Pricing and Advertising Choices

Prestige pricing is a pricing strategy through which brand image of a product is enhanced by the price fixed for it. This pricing strategy is also termed as psychological strategy as the consumers feel that since the price of a product is higher than its other competitive products in the market, it might be superior in quality. They don’t even try to find out whether there is any difference in the ingredients or construction of the higher and lower priced product or not. Due to this pricing strategy, the top brands enjoy higher share in the market even when their products are priced 30%to 40%higher than a similar product with no brand value. Cosmetics, drugs, apparels etc. enjoy more market share if they have big brand image. Prestige pricing can also be termed as a non-pricing strategy because there is no need for the advertising to mention price at all. Instead, in the advertising of these products more focus is paid on service and quality. The lesser a customer knows about the quality of a product the better are chances of him to get lured by the advertising of the product. If the product has a good brand value, the customer is fully confident about its quality and don’t even look at its advertising from a point of view of getting assured of its quality. Advertising choices for prestige priced products are immense because the producer has enough money to splurge upon advertisements. Hence he can afford the best advertising options. If he is advertising in print medium he chooses the best life style magazines because its glossy pages speak volumes about the product even without any product information. He has the option of paying the high profile celebrities to endorse the brand. Just the image of the celebrity along with the product is enough to grab the attention of the consumers. If the producer does not apply the prestige pricing strategy, his advertising choices get limited. The more the price, the better are the advertising options. Karlof and Lovingsson (2005, p. 286) have rightly observed the following effects of the interrelation between prestige pricing and advertising choices: â€Å" competition is low demand exceeds supply a company enjoys the position of virtual monopoly† In the words of Griffiths and Wall (2004, p.163) â€Å"If manufacturers can create an association in consumers’ mind that premium prices mean higher quality and exclusiveness, then they can engage in prestige pricing.† This can be done none other than advertising. Advertising choices and prestige pricing are interrelated. So the practice of psychologically influencing the consumers’ choices is evident from the sophisticated advertising campaigns of all the high priced products in the market. The money spent on producing a product is cost while the price is the money the consumer spends to buy that product. In the prestige pricing strategy the price is not related to the value of the product but the consumers are made to feel that way. This is not possible without the range of advertising choices available in this kind of strategy. So it can be concluded that prestige pricing and advertising choices go hand in glove. Word count: 535 References Arens, W.F. and Bovee, C.L. (5 Ed.). (1994). Contemporary Advertising. USA: IRWIN Griffiths, A. and Ison, S. (2002). Business Economics. UK: Heinemann. Griffiths, A. and Wall, S. (Ed.). (10 Ed.). (2004). Applied Economics. England: Pearson Education Limited. Karlof, B. and Lovingsson, F. (2005)The A-Z of Management Concepts And Models. London: Thorogood Publishing.                        

The Whole Issue Of Christianity - 1985 Words

Introduction The whole issue of Christianity begins with the birth of Jesus in Bethlehem. This large character leaves an infinite number of lessons to be entrusted to the Apostles for preach and teach the people. This whole process is going to have much success and also is going to have their lowest, as being the persecutions, who did not cease to Christians to practice their religion freely. During all these sufferings also appear characters with power, which defend Christians and at the end were to succeed in overcoming and completely eliminate the persecution against them. Then appear Christian authorities that cause the Christianity is considered as the official religion of the empire. Jesus and Christianity: Jesus was born during†¦show more content†¦Although, Jesus did not think in a policy rebellion only in moral and spiritual release. Many Jews become disillusioned and turned against him. Jesus was convicted and handed over to the Roman authorities. The procurator Pontius Pilate did die on the cross. After the death of Jesus, the Apostles continued the preaching of his doctrine. Most of them lived in Jerusalem, and made his preaching among the inhabitants of Palestine. The first converts Christians were, therefore, of Jewish origin. They were called Nazarenes, believers in the Nazarene Jesus. Very soon, the Christianity began to spread among the Gentiles, between those who were not Jews. (The Jews used to call gentiles to all those who were not of their race and religion.) The main preacher of Christianity among the Gentiles, was St Paul and therefore tends to be called the apostle of the gentiles. He was a Jew, born in Tarsus, Asia Minor, and initially had persecuted viciously to Christians, but then converted to the new creed and devoted his life to propagate the faith that previously combat. Its action evangelist exercised, preferably, in the Syria, Asia Minor, Greece, and Macedonia towns between the populations of the empire of speech and Greek civilization. Therefore, the Gr eek language was who served as the principal vehicle of transmission to Christianity in the first moments of their development,

The Causes Of Obesity And Obesity - 1508 Words

Causes of Obesity When it comes to people health, what usually comes up in mind? People may think of some disease, such as cancer or stroke, but nobody thinks about Obesity, which has become one of the biggest issues in America. Obesity is the accumulation of unnecessary body fat. It is a lifestyle disease that is spreading fast worldwide. This disease is affecting individuals of all age, ethnicity, and gender. As we all know, America has an extended history of solving complex problems, but it seems like obesity has stuck with the American people. In the essay, called Politicians Want to tax us Thin, written by Kyle Smith, she states, â€Å"We know obesity is a problem, but just to be sure we need to spend more resources to study it† (501). Smith says that somehow we are unsuccessful to solve the problem of obesity, and it’s affecting many people all over the world. Many people’s problems are due to their bad habits: they do not care to read the labels of what th ey eat, and they do not think what is natural and healthy for them before they eat. People pass such habits to their children, as it is predictable, and now childhood obesity is also becoming a rising issue. Many factors contribute to the causes of obesity in America while health officials and scientists all agree on the more general causes including lack of exercise, eating junk food, and family lifestyle. Firstly, lack of exercise is one of the major causes of Obesity. An article called, The Causes and Effects ofShow MoreRelatedThe Causes Of Obesity And Obesity1519 Words   |  7 PagesAaron Heiden Robert S. Pilsner WR 121 17 March 2013 The Causes of Obesity Many people speculate that obesity is genetic, but is it? Is childhood obesity caused by a lack of exercise, an unhealthy diet, or both? Obese people, or more commonly referred to as fat people or overweight people, are defined as adults who’s BMI (body mass index) is over 30 percent. There have always been overweight people in human society, but the rate of growth for this percentage of our population has been steadily risingRead MoreThe Causes Of Obesity And Obesity1032 Words   |  5 PagesThe Causes of Obesity Obesity is not just a cosmetic concern; it also increases your risk for cancer, diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, and muscular skeletal disorders. It is estimated that obesity affects more than a third of the American adult population and seventeen percent of the American children population (Moores, 2005). Obesity has many definitions; one of the many definitions is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have a negativeRead MoreCauses Of Obesity756 Words   |  4 Pagescosts of care for treating three diseases. Obesity, Diabetes, and high blood pressure are the most spreading diseases in the United States and cost the country a huge amount of money for treatments. Obesity or the extra weight harms health in many ways. It raises the danger of developing circumstances, such as diabetes, osteoarthritis, heart disease, and some types of cancers, to name just a few, and cuts the life distance. Treating obesity or any obesity related situations costs the country billionsRead MoreObesity : Obesity Causes And Solutions1658 Words   |  7 PagesObesity Causes and Solutions In recent decades, obesity has grown to become considered an epidemic. In Natalie Boreo’s book â€Å"Killer Fat†, she discusses this obesity epidemic along with its social, political, economic, and moral influences. A number of factors contribute to the high instances of obesity; a person’s lifestyle, eating habits, culture, sedentary behaviors, activity levels, socioeconomic status, among many others. Sociologists seek to understand the physical, emotional and social influencesRead MoreCauses and Effects of Obesity823 Words   |  3 PagesObesity occurs in all countries and it is one of the gravest problems in modern society. Mankinds around the world are concerned about obesity. One of the chief causes is unhealthy diets. Obesity is also due to lack of exercise and lack of education and awareness. Therefore obesity has various effects include risk of suffering from a range of health conditions, large fiscal expenditure on medical insurance and lack of self- esteem. One of the chief causes is unhealthy diets. There are high-calorieRead MoreCauses of Childhood Obesity630 Words   |  3 Pageshowever, can be a problem to many children. This is referred to as obesity, when it occurs among children between ages 2 and 8 it is called childhood referred. Childhood obesity has been on the rise for the past few decades and it is making the lives of children shorter. Childhood obesity can be the outcome of many influences. Economic factors, an unmonitored environment, and lack of activity, are some effects of childhood obesity. To start with, the first and major reason causing children to beRead MoreThe Chief Causes Of Obesity1110 Words   |  5 PagesThe Chief Causes of Obesity As we all know the obesity has become a great problem for many people around the world. A research shows that 34.9% of adults in the United States are obese, and the money used for health problems relating to obesity has greatly increased. The estimated cost was $147 billion in 2008, and the cost for obese people were $1,429 higher than normal people (cdc.gov). There are a lot of factors which makes many Americans obese. The chief causes of obesity are bad food choicesRead MoreCauses Of Obesity In America1030 Words   |  5 PagesObesity is a big problem in the United States today. According to Harvard Womens Health Watch, â€Å"33% of American adults are obese, compared with 15% in the late 1970s. More than 60% of women are overweight or obese†. When it comes to losing weight, many people devotedly believe in the 80/20 rule, which is what and how a person eats is 80% of the effort in losing weight. This is somewhat disconcerting if these people live in America because of th e obesity epidemic currently going on, which is causedRead MoreCauses and Effects of Obesity832 Words   |  3 PagesThe epidemic of obesity is a medical circumstance defined as excess weight in the form of fat which may impair health. (World Obesity Federation, 2012). Obesity can be calculated by BMI which is body mass index. Obesity means BMI greater than 30. (ibid). This essay will outline the causes and effects of obesity. Diet, lifestyle, toxic environment and the causes of obesity are physical, psychological and economic are impacts. One fundamental cause of obesity is diet. Adolescence is perfect exampleRead MoreThe Causes and Effects of Obesity686 Words   |  3 PagesCauses and Effects of Obesity Overview Obesity according to Birmingham and Treasure means there is an excess of adipose tissue (fat) in the body (195). Today, hardly a day goes without the mention of an obesity related issue in the news. In a way, obesity is increasingly becoming a national epidemic. As medical practitioners debate on whether or not obesity should be regarded a disease, policy makers are mulling over what course of action should be adopted so as to rein in the problem of obesity

The Ethics Of The Workplace - 1554 Words

Ethics in the Workplace We as individuals come across situations in our daily lives that force us to make decisions that we may always agree with morally as well as decisions that may push our moral compasses to their limits. If you are a working professional no matter what the field, these decisions can come with big ramifications, good or bad. I have come to find that with every individual there comes a different set of beliefs, attitude, boundaries and ethical views. We do not all share the same brain so I find it hard to digest that we all think the same way during the same situations. We may not all see eye to eye on these topics but when you work for an employer whether it be a fortune 500 company or just a small mom and pops you have to adhere to their companies set of values and beliefs. Many large companies have policies and trainings in place to project these values to their employees. Business Ethics is defined as the application of a moral code of conduct to the stra tegic and operational management of a business (Applied Corporate Goverenance.com). As many large companies do provide the training on Business Ethics and what they expect from their employees many of the smaller companies do not. I have worked on both ends of the spectrum and while the training was very beneficial in my eyes I ultimately think that it is up to the individual to uphold these moral standards not just for the company but themselves as well. Companies may have variations onShow MoreRelatedEthics : Ethics And The Workplace1407 Words   |  6 PagesIn this day in age ethics is a big part of businesses. An Ethical employee tends to make decisions in the best interest of their employers, co-workers, and also outside companies other than themselves. This being said I will be discussing how ethics and communication can help and benefit you in the workplace and how it can build relationships with employees, what companies look for in their workplace using ethic also some statistics of how ethics benefits the workplace, and a few cons businessesRead MoreEthics And Ethics Of The Workplace1014 Words   |  5 PagesEthics in the Workplace What is Ethics and why is it an important part of the workplace? Ethics or moral philosophy is the branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct. (Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia) Decisions taken within an organization may be made by person or groups, but whoever makes them will be influenced by the culture of the company. A decision to behave ethically is a moral. Employees need to decide what they thinkRead MoreEthics in the Workplace1201 Words   |  5 PagesEthics in the Workplace Classical and Contemporary Ethical Philosophies Ethical philosophies served as guide for people in the workplace to make moral decisions in conducting business. There are classical normative ethical philosophies as well as contemporary ethical philosophies being used. They have been applied in the different levels or dimensions of the business organizations. People do know that there are business organizations that have disregarded ethical standards and encounters ethicalRead MoreWorkplace Ethics1046 Words   |  5 PagesWorkplace Ethics: Unprofessional Conduct BUS 309 Business Ethics Professor: Keith Graves August 23, 2013 Today, there seems to a big misconception of what professionalism means in and out the workplace. Many people go to work just to earn a living and that is fine however, when you hold a position of stature or prestige there are certain elements you must value to the profession as a teacher. â€Å"Professional teacher† refers to the status of a person who is paid to teach. They are supposedRead MoreEthics in the Workplace1223 Words   |  5 PagesGood ethics is essential in the workplace to have a good, working environment. Many companies now enforce ethics training, in hopes that the good ethics will rise above bad ethics. But in too many cases that does not happen. It is important to enforce good ethics in the workplace so that trust may be a result. Employers must be able to build trust around their employees and visa versa. Employees must also be able to trust fellow employees. When bad ethics are being displayed by an individualRead MoreWorkplace Ethics1008 Words   |  5 Pages Assignment 2: Workplace Ethics Danielle Davis Professor Kenneth A. Pino BUS 309: Business Ethics Abstract Regardless of your occupation, employees have the right to privacy. Case 9.1: Unprofessional Conduct shows how Pettit privacy was violated. Pettit was a teacher of many years and never had a bad evaluation of her work. What she did outside of work was labeled unprofessional by the Board of Education and they chose to fire her because they believed she was unfit to teach. I disagree withRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Workplace923 Words   |  4 Pagesis aimed at providing the larger audience an overview of the ethics of the workplace related to the issues of ownership, privacy and monitoring in a working environment. There are practical examples to demonstrate how ethics play an important role in working environments related to information privacy but still there is less consensus on uniquely identifying specific ethical issues. Employees at different organization may define ethics from their own perspective which makes it difficult to implementRead MoreEthics in the Workplace2413 W ords   |  10 PagesEthics in the Workplace – Sears Auto Center Ethics in the workplace and sometimes the lack thereof can significantly influence the success of an organization. Effective leaders often approach ethical dilemmas by identifying alternative actions and their consequences on stakeholders. The aftermath of the disasters caused by Enron, WorldCom, and other businesses, once prominent companies, resulted in a significant loss of confidence in business leader’s conduct. Organizations in today’s highly competitiveRead MoreEthics In The Workplace Essay1713 Words   |  7 PagesEthics in the Workplace What is ethics? Is ethics an ability that grows in us from a child or does our parents teaches us ethics? According to dictionary.com, states that the word ethics means, the code of good conducts for an individual or group. Ethics also means, simply stated, that ethics refers to standards of behavior that tell us how human beings ought to act in the many situations in which they find themselves-as friends, parents, children, citizens, businesspeople, teachers, professionalsRead MoreImportance Of Ethics In The Workplace1572 Words   |  7 PagesThe Importance of Ethics in the Workplace In their personal and professional lives, people can and, unfortunately, sometimes do go against their moral and ethical standards. Ethical standards are what it means to be a good person, the social rules that govern our behavior. Ethics in business is essentially the study of what constitutes the right and wrong or the good or bad behavior in the workplace environment. A business is an organization whose objective is to provide goods or services for profit

Employee Efficiency and Organization Productivity †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Employee Efficiency and Organization Productivity. Answer: Introduction: This paper reviews the article The Effect of the Motivation Techniques Used by Managers to Increase the Productivity of their Workers and an Application by Guclu and Guney (2017). The thesis statement of this article is that productivity of employees can be increased by motivating them. The aim of this article is to determine the managers perceptions towards their employees specifically in manufacturing facilities. The intended audience of this article are managers who manage several employees and need to analyze factors that affect employee productivity. The study is also beneficial for the scholars and practitioners who are looking to research motivation as an impactful way to increase employee motivation and productivity. These researchers shall be able to critically analyze factors affecting efficiency and conduct further studies to enhance organizational productivity. The authors Haci Guclu and Salih Guney are professors in Istanbul Aydin University which is one of the most repu ted educational institutions. Therefore, the source of this study may be considered reliable. The title of the study clearly indicates that the study is related to motivation techniques for employee productivity. However, the title fails to mention that the study is linked with employees of manufacturing employees that may be indicative of research being a general study. The abstract of this article is elaborate and detailed where a brief is provided of efficiency and motivation techniques. Although, it is observed that the concept of efficiency and motivation could be provided in introduction rather than the abstract. Additionally, the findings and recommendations of the test conducted are not provided that makes it unclear for the audience. A complete picture of the study is not obtained through the abstract. Further, the problem of the research study is not clearly stated. The purpose of this study is stated while it forgets to specify the problems that may arise if the employees are not motivated. Guclu and Guney (2017) could have stated the aims, objectives, research que stions or hypotheses clearly. As the study does not state any research questions or hypotheses, the specific issue or concern that shall be addressed in the research study is unclear (Graves, Sarkis and Zhu 2013). The literature of the research study involves the importance and nature of motivation and efficiency in the workplace. The literature of this study is strong as Guclu and Guney (2017) involves different theories related to motivation such as Maslow's Theory of Need Hierarchy, Alderfer's Erg Theory, Herzbergs Two-Factor Theory, McClellands Need Theory, Vrooms Expectancy Theory and various others. These theories are considered the most popular and most applied in every organization. However, every theory could be diagrammatically represented that would help in better understanding of the audience. Additionally, a conceptual framework could be added where motivation and efficiency can be represented in the form of figure. It would help in better understanding of the study including theories, beliefs and factors which are a part of research design (Gupta and Shaw 2014). The study conducted by Chen et al. (2015) links perceived health support and employee productivity. This research article needs to establish the importance of monetary and non-monetary factors affecting motivation level of the employees. It is argued that provision of job incentives can contribute to social and physical factors thereby influencing employee motivation (Patro 2015). It is argued that motivation has a strong influence over staff outcomes and job satisfaction. The theories need to be determined for job satisfaction and employee commitment levels. Recommendations such as conducting training sessions, hiking salary, providing bonuses and recognizing employees in the organization can be provided (Kumar and Babu 2015). The research methodology adopted by Guclu and Guney (2017) to conduct the research study is survey. As the population was too big, 229 people were selected as the sample size working in erkezky Organized Industrial Site. The design is appropriate for the study as quantitative analysis is suitable for conducting research study in a large population. The sample size is sufficient for the purpose of study, i.e. motivation affecting efficiency of the employees. The data findings of this study is clearly represented in the form of tables that helps differentiate the responses gathered from people of different age groups, educational background and other demographics. Guclu and Guney (2017) specifies the data collection and analysis methods that are the strongest parts of the research article. The results of the article are stated using different methods of analysis such as Cronbachs alpha and Kruskal-Wallis Test. Cronbachs alpha is a test used for measuring internal consistency. It is con sidered to be a measure of scale reliability. Kruskal-Wallis test helps in measuring validity and reliability of the research study. Therefore, the test results of this research study are reliable and valid as significant tests are conducted. The analysis for the research study is in alignment with motivation level and efficiency of the employees. A clear link between motivation and employee productivity is established. The results could also be represented in the form of graphs or charts apart from tables to enhance pictorial representation which is more impactful in understanding (Barrick et al. 2015). The research study lacks a critical discussion and no relationship to the theories and concepts to previous literature have been determined. A good research article comprises of a critical discussion that discusses the findings of research study and assumptions or concepts formulated for the research study. Guclu and Guney (2017) could make the research better by evaluating the text. The findings of the study that were different from that of concepts and assumptions from previous literature go unidentified. According to Samnani and Singh (2014), recognition is a motivating non-monetary factor. The importance of employees as most valuable assets needs to be determined. This question cannot be answered with a definite statement. Against the background of the research study, this article must explore through the ways that enhances employee motivation or willingness to work. The study can be expanded by motivation affecting their commitment level towards the organization that can increas e productivity. A discussion regarding employee loyalty and commitment towards the organization can also be linked with employee productivity (Mikkelson, York, and Arritola 2015). The final section of this report, Conclusion and Suggestions adds to the summary of the entire research study and recommendations for conducting any further study. The summary of research is presented in an excellent manner. The findings from the literature and primary research is well represented and linked back with the references that adds weight to the arguments made in the study (Hogan and Coote 2014). However, one of the greatest weaknesses of the article is that it does not include the implications of the study. The intended audience through this research study are not determined that might mislead the readers. The research study only involves primary method of research that made the study time-consuming. Guclu and Guney (2017) might have chosen to involve secondary study analysis as well to obtain time-saving and cost benefits. The peer-reviewed journal articles are reliable sources for adding to the research study (Cerasoli, Nicklin and Ford 2014). The suggestions provided f or conducting further research gives a hint to conduct future study. As the study is limited to a single organization, it cannot be used to generalize results. The employees of erkezky Organized Industrial Site are assessed due to which the result for other industries cannot be assumed. It is further noted that the references chosen for this research study are not the best ones. Incomplete references are provided for academic books that do not mention the edition or place of publication. The research study could involve more peer-reviewed articles and other reputed journals that make the research study authentic. Also, the references are decades old that make the data questionable. There might be a chance that the data might not be appropriate for analyzing the employees of current situation as the data sources are outdated. Also, no appendix is provided stating the survey that was conducted to gather data for this research study. There is a need for survey comprising of questions that were asked to the participants of this research study (Boxall, Hutchison and Wassenaar 2015). Conclusively, the thesis statement of this research study is proven significant. The employee motivation and productivity are highly linked with one another. The increase in motivation shall increase the productivity level of employees. It is argued that provision of job incentives can contribute to social and physical factors thereby influencing employee motivation. The tests involved in this research study- Cronbachs alpha and Kruskal-Wallis Test are highly reliable and valid. The study can be expanded by motivation affecting their commitment level towards the organization that can increase productivity. There might be a chance that the data might not be appropriate for analyzing the employees of current situation as the data sources are outdated. There is a need for survey comprising of questions that were asked to the participants of this research study. The study can be expanded by motivation affecting their commitment level towards the organization that can increase productivit y. References Barrick, M.R., Thurgood, G.R., Smith, T.A. and Courtright, S.H., 2015. Collective organizational engagement: Linking motivational antecedents, strategic implementation, and firm performance.Academy of Management Journal,58(1), pp.111-135. Boxall, P., Hutchison, A. and Wassenaar, B., 2015. How do high-involvement work processes influence employee outcomes? 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